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Query

Query databases in plain English

The Query (aka, Ask) model empowers developers to query databases in plain English. At its core is a fine-tuned FLAN-T5-base model that translates user questions into optimized PostgreSQL queries. Retrieved results are combined with the original input to generate clear, conversational responses.

Architecture

  • Base Model: FLAN-T5-base (sequence-to-sequence transformer)

  • Fine-Tuning Objective: Natural language → SQL translation

  • Tokenizer: T5 tokenizer with custom prefix handling

Training Pipeline

Dataset Preparation

  • Curated pairs of questions and SQL statements

  • Normalization: lowercase, remove commas, strip trailing punctuation

Data Split

  • 90% training | 10% validation

Input Formatting

  • Prefix: Translate the following text to PGSQL:

Hyperparameters

  • Learning rate: 3e-5

  • Batch size: 4 (×4 gradient-accumulation)

  • Epochs: 10

  • Weight decay: 0.01

  • Scheduler: Cosine decay with 10% warmup

  • Label smoothing: 0.1

Evaluation

  • Metric: SacreBLEU on validation set

Inference Workflow

from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForSeq2SeqLM
import torch

# Load model and tokenizer
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("AquilaX-AI/NL-PGSQL")
model = AutoModelForSeq2SeqLM.from_pretrained("AquilaX-AI/NL-PGSQL")

# Prepare and tokenize input
input_text = "Translate the following text to PGSQL: What is the total sales for last month?"
inputs = tokenizer(input_text, return_tensors="pt")

# Generate SQL query
outputs = model.generate(**inputs, max_length=256)
sql_query = tokenizer.decode(outputs[0], skip_special_tokens=True)
print(sql_query)

  1. Preprocess: Lowercase, remove commas and trailing punctuation.

  2. Prefix: Add task instruction.

  3. Tokenize: Convert text to token IDs.

  4. Generate: Produce SQL tokens via model.

  5. Decode: Convert tokens back to string.

Integration Guide

A: Installation

pip install transformers torch

B: Model & Tokenizer

from transformers import AutoTokenizer, AutoModelForSeq2SeqLM
tokenizer = AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained("AquilaX-AI/NL-PGSQL")
model = AutoModelForSeq2SeqLM.from_pretrained("AquilaX-AI/NL-PGSQL")

C: Query Execution

  1. Sanitize generated SQL

  2. Execute securely against your PostgreSQL database

D: Response Formatting

Post-process database output into readable text

Dataset

The training dataset comprises custom-curated pairs of natural language questions and SQL queries, designed to align with the target database schema. Its diversity enhances the model's applicability to varied use cases.

Evaluation Metrics

Model performance is assessed using the SacreBLEU metric, which measures the similarity between generated and reference SQL queries. This metric ensures high accuracy and fluency in query generation.

API & Web Interface

Considerations

  • Optimized for a specific schema; may require adaptation for others.

  • Implement error handling for unexpected inputs.

Credit on Engineering team: Suriya & Pachaiappan

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